The Peruvian Hairless Dog, also known as the “Viringo,” is one of the most exotic and mysterious breeds in the world, with a history that dates back thousands of years. Not only is it one of the oldest breeds in the Americas, but it is also deeply rooted in the pre-Columbian culture of Peru, where it was valued for its uniqueness and supposed healing properties. In this article, we will explore why this breed continues to captivate both Peruvians and dog lovers around the world, and how it has been rediscovered and appreciated today.
Ancestral Origins of the Peruvian Hairless Dog
The Peruvian Hairless Dog is a breed that has remained virtually unchanged since its origins, which classifies it as a primitive type dog. This means that its morphology has not changed in thousands of years, giving it an unmatched natural value. In fact, according to researchers, its presence in the Andean region dates back to between 300 and 500 BC, and its image has been represented in various ancient cultures, such as the Mochica, Chimú, Paracas, Vicús, and Chancay.
In the Quechua language, one of the languages also native to Peru, the term “Viringo” has several meanings. For some, it means “warner” due to the sharpness of its senses and its ability to alert its owners, while other theories suggest that it refers to its naked or hairless condition, since this word is used as a synonym for “naked” in other parts of South America.
The Scientific Mystery Behind Its Lack of Hair
One of the most surprising characteristics of this breed is the absence of fur, a peculiarity that has aroused the curiosity of scientists and historians. According to science, the Peruvian Hairless Dog suffers from a genetic disorder known as ectodermal hypoplasia, which affects the development of the skin and other parts of the body, such as teeth. This syndrome is not only responsible for the lack of fur, but also for the fact that the body temperature of these dogs is three degrees higher than that of humans, making them a natural source of heat.
In ancient times, the Incas and other Andean cultures valued this heat as a healing characteristic. It was believed that these dogs could relieve ailments such as asthma or rheumatism, simply by contact with their warm skin. This myth has endured throughout the centuries, and today many people continue to believe in the therapeutic properties of the Peruvian Hairless Dog.
The Spiritual Value of the “Allqu” or “Kaclla” in the Inca Culture
In the Inca civilization, the Peruvian Hairless Dog was not just a companion, but a sacred animal. It was known as the Allqu or Kaclla, and was used by the Incas in various rituals and ceremonies carried out by healers and shamans. These dogs were considered spiritual guides, especially those that were black, as it was believed that they could guide the souls of the deceased on their journey to the afterlife.
In addition, their bodies had a practical and spiritual value for the ancient Peruvians. After the death of one of these dogs, its body was used in its entirety, either for rituals or for its healing properties. The Incas believed that its blood could treat respiratory diseases, such as asthma, which underlines the importance that this animal had in their culture.
The Peruvian Hairless Dog remains one of the most fascinating breeds in the world, appreciated both for its unique appearance and for the history that it carries in its skin.
The Resurgence of an Almost Extinct Breed
With the arrival of the Spanish conquistadors in Peru in the 16th century, the Peruvian Hairless Dog was perceived in a very different way. The colonizers considered it an evil and superstitious animal, which led to a systematic persecution of the breed. For centuries, these dogs were marginalized, becoming stray animals and almost completely disappearing from Peruvian culture.
In 1985, the breed was officially registered with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI), being classified in Group V, which encompasses Spitz-type dogs and primitive, athletic and agile dogs. This international recognition allowed the breed to be valued and protected both in Peru and in other parts of the world.
Fortunately, the resurgence of interest in pre-Columbian history and the cultural identity of Peru has led to a revival of this breed. On October 22, 2001, the Congress of the Republic of Peru, through Decree Law No. 27537, declared the Peruvian Hairless Dog as National Heritage. This declaration not only preserves the breed, but recognizes it as a part of the Peruvian National Heritage.
The Character and Personality of the Peruvian Hairless Dog
Beyond its exotic appearance, the Peruvian Hairless Dog stands out for its personality. It is an intelligent, loyal and protective dog, with a calm but alert nature. It is affectionate with its family, but can be reserved with strangers, making it an excellent guard dog. Despite its delicate appearance, it is a hardy and healthy dog, provided it receives proper care for its exposed skin.
The Viringo is especially affectionate with children and enjoys human company. Its calm temperament makes it ideal for quiet homes, while its agility and energy make it an excellent companion for outdoor activities.
From Ancient Times to Today: A National Symbol
Today, the Peruvian Hairless Dog has regained its place in Peruvian society. It has gone from being a stray and marginalized dog to being loved and appreciated again, just as the ancient Peruvians of ancient civilizations did. Today, these dogs are commonly found in Peruvian homes as pets, where their exotic appearance and rich cultural history continue to fascinate new generations.
Thanks to preservation efforts and growing awareness of its cultural value, the Peruvian Hairless Dog has re-emerged as a symbol of national identity, representing the fusion between nature, ancestral culture and modernity. Its history, full of ups and downs, makes it a unique dog that connects Peruvians with their past and reminds them of the importance of protecting their heritage.
The Peruvian Hairless Dog, with its impressive survival story and connection to pre-Hispanic cultures, is much more than an exotic breed. Its value as a symbol of cultural identity and its rebirth as a breed appreciated both in Peru and abroad make it an emblem of the country’s cultural richness.
From its veneration in ancient times to its near extinction, this dog has proven to be a resilient and special breed, deeply intertwined with the spiritual and cultural legacy of the Andean peoples. Today, the Peruvian Hairless Dog remains one of the most fascinating breeds in the world, prized as much for its unique appearance as for the history it carries in its fur.
